
Ankle injuries are very common, yet they can be confusing to diagnose on your own. With symptoms that often overlap, knowing whether you’re dealing with a sprained ankle versus a broken ankle can feel like a guessing game. Understanding the difference between these two types of injuries is crucial, especially when it comes to getting the right treatment quickly and preventing long-term issues.
In this guide, we’ll explore the causes, symptoms, and treatments for both injuries, along with tips on how to distinguish between a sprained ankle versus a broken ankle and when to consult an orthopedic physician.
What Is a Sprained Ankle?
A sprained ankle occurs when the ligaments in the ankle — usually on the outer side — are overstretched or torn. Ligaments are fibrous tissues that connect bones and stabilize joints, and even a slight twist or misstep can lead to a sprain. Sprains are categorized by severity:
- Grade I (mild) — involves overstretching without significant tearing.
- Grade II (moderate) — includes partial tears.
- Grade III (severe) — is a complete tear of the ligament.
Causes of a Sprained Ankle
Sprains typically happen during sudden, awkward movements or if the ankle rolls, twists, or turns in an unnatural way. Common scenarios leading to sprains include:
- Walking or running on uneven surfaces
- Landing awkwardly after a jump
- Pivoting or twisting the foot abruptly, especially during sports
- Slipping or tripping
Signs and Symptoms of a Sprained Ankle
Sprained ankle symptoms vary depending on the injury’s severity, but may include:
- Pain, particularly on the outer side of the ankle
- Swelling and tenderness
- Bruising around the ankle
- Limited range of motion and difficulty putting weight on the foot
- Instability, or feeling like the ankle may “give out”
Treatment for a Sprained Ankle
The classic treatment method for a sprained ankle is the RICE protocol: Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. Additionally:
- Over-the-counter pain relievers can help reduce pain and inflammation.
- An ankle brace or support may provide stability during recovery.
- Physical therapy exercises can improve strength and flexibility to prevent future injuries. Consulting a physician is essential for more severe sprains (Grade III), as ankle surgery may be required to repair torn ligaments.
What Is a Broken Ankle?
In comparing a sprained ankle versus a broken ankle, a fracture involves breaking one or more of the bones in the ankle joint. The ankle joint is formed by three bones: the tibia, fibula, and talus. Breaks can range from small hairline fractures to severe, complex breaks that require surgical intervention.
Causes of a Broken Ankle
Broken ankles typically result from high-impact or twisting forces, such as:
- Falls from a height
- Car accidents or direct trauma to the ankle
- High-impact sports injuries
- Severe twisting or rolling of the ankle, often more forceful than a sprain
Signs and Symptoms of a Broken Ankle
The symptoms of a broken ankle can be similar to those of a sprain but often more intense. Signs of a broken ankle include:
- Sharp, immediate pain at the moment of injury
- Significant swelling and bruising that spreads beyond the ankle
- Inability to bear weight on the affected foot
- Deformity in the ankle or foot (with severe fractures)
- Sensations of numbness or tingling in the foot
Treatment for a Broken Ankle
The treatment for a broken ankle depends on the type and severity of the break. Options include:
- Immobilization with a cast or boot to keep the bones in place while they heal.
- Pain relief medication to manage discomfort.
- Surgery may be necessary to realign the bones if they’re displaced or if the fracture is complex. This could involve the use of screws, plates, or rods. After initial treatment, physical therapy helps restore range of motion and strength.
Sprained Ankle vs. Broken Ankle: How to Tell the Difference
When comparing a sprained ankle versus a broken ankle, a few key distinctions can help determine which injury you might have:
- Pain Level and Location: A sprained ankle often has mild to moderate pain localized around the outer side of the ankle, while a broken ankle typically presents with more severe pain that makes it difficult to put any weight on the affected foot.
- Swelling and Bruising: Although both sprains and fractures cause swelling and bruising, the extent can differ. Broken ankles often show more widespread swelling and bruising, sometimes affecting the toes and foot.
- Deformity: If the ankle appears misshapen or has a visible bone protrusion, it’s more likely to be a fracture than a sprain.
- Weight Bearing Ability: If you can bear some weight, you’ll likely have a sprain. A broken ankle generally makes weight-bearing excruciating or impossible.
- Sounds at Injury Site: People who experience a broken ankle sometimes report hearing a cracking or snapping sound, while a sprain may cause a popping sensation.
Working with a qualified doctor, such as an orthopedic specialist, can help you determine the difference between a sprained ankle and a broken ankle through a diagnostic evaluation.
When to Consult an Orthopedic Physician
It’s best to consult an orthopedic physician for any significant ankle injury. Immediate care is especially important if you:
- Are unable to bear weight on the injured foot
- Notice severe swelling, bruising, or deformity
- Experience numbness or a tingling sensation
- Feel pain that doesn’t improve with home care within a few days
An orthopedic specialist can provide accurate diagnosis and treatment tailored to your injury. They may use imaging tests, including X-rays and MRI, to determine whether it’s a sprained ankle versus a broken ankle, ensuring you get the care you need for a full recovery.
Sprained Ankle vs. Broken Ankle — Getting the Help You Need
Distinguishing between a sprained ankle versus a broken ankle can be challenging due to overlapping symptoms, but knowing the differences can help you take the right steps toward healing. Both sprains and fractures benefit from early intervention and proper care to prevent complications. Remember, when in doubt, it’s always best to seek advice from an orthopedic physician. Taking care of your injury now can lead to a smoother recovery and help you get back on your feet faster.
Patients who come to the Orthopedic Clinic can expect a person-centered approach that treats individuals, not just the condition. Our caring team of expert orthopedic physicians takes your lifestyle and health goals into account before recommending a specific treatment or recovery plan. If you’re dealing with ankle pain and need a clear diagnosis and treatment, we’re here to help. Contact us today to learn more.